InformativeAdvanced

Explanation

Learn how to introduce a phenomenon, explain the process in logical order and finish by showing why the explanation matters.

Lesson · about 4 minPractice · about 30 min

Watch the lesson

Watch the matching Path to Selective lesson when available, then review the structure before you practise.

Purpose, audience and tone

Purpose

Help the reader understand how or why something works or happens.

Typical audience

Readers who need a clear understanding of a process or cause.

Tone

clear, logical, informative

Core structure

Follow these steps so your response matches the expected Explanation format.

Statement of the phenomenon
Begin by naming what you are explaining.
Sequence of explanation
Describe the process step by step in a logical order.
Cause and effect links
Show how one stage leads to the next using linking words.
Technical or precise detail
Use accurate terms the reader needs to understand the process.
Concluding summary
Restate how or why the process works in a short closing.

Exam time plan

A clear 30-minute plan for exam conditions.

4 minPlan

23 minWrite

3 minCheck

Example opening or extract

Sample opening

A solar eclipse happens when the Moon moves between the Earth and the Sun and blocks the Sun’s light from reaching part of Earth.

Key features

A clear opening statement of what is being explained
Logical sequencing
Cause-and-effect language
Precise vocabulary
An objective tone

Common mistakes

Missing steps in the process
Explaining what something is without how or why
Using steps out of order
Adding personal stories that distract from the explanation

Planning checklist

What am I explaining: how or why?
What are the stages in order?
Which linking words show cause and effect?
What precise terms do I need?
How will I summarise the process?

Practice options

Apply what you learned in a timed exam using the Path to Selective exam experience.

Timed Exam Practice

Complete the response under realistic 30-minute NSW Selective exam conditions.

Start 30-Minute Exam

Final editing checklist

Is the sequence complete and logical?
Have I shown cause and effect?
Is the language precise?
Did I stay focused on explaining, not storytelling?

Continue with a nearby format to strengthen transferable skills.

Informative Report

Informative · Intermediate

Present factual information about a topic in a clear, organised and objective way.

Procedure

Practical and Functional · Beginner

Explain how to complete a task using ordered steps and precise language.

News Report